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1860

Years: 1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863

Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s

Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1860 in art 1860 in literature 1860 in music 1860 in science 1860 in sports List of state leaders in 1860 List of religious leaders in 1860

Events

• March 6 – Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut
• April 3 - The Pony Express makes its first run.
• May 13 – Battle of Catalafim; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples
• May 18 – Abraham Lincoln is selected as the US presidential candidate for the Republican party
• June 24 – First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England
• July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
• July 11 - Mutsuhito becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
• July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai.
• July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon.
• July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
• September 7 - Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
• September 7 – Troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi reach Naples
• October - John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
• October 5 – Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of clashes between Maronites and Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year
• October 19 – New Maori revolt begins in New Zealand
• October 26 – Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II
• November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
• December 29 - The first British seagoing ironclad warship, the HMS Warrior is launched.

• Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States besides Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
• Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements)
• Buenos Aires leader Bartolome Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores

Births

• January 1 - George Washington Carver, educator, activist, botanist
• January 11 - Marie Bashkirtseff, artist
• January 25 - Charles Curtis, American vice-president († 1936)
• January 29 - William Jacob Baer, American painter († 1941)
• January 29 - Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer († 1904)
• February 11 - Rachilde (Marguerite Vallette-Eymery), French author
• February 29 - Herman Hollerith, inventor of the first electric tabulating machine.
• March 1 - Joe Natus, musician
• March 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer
• March 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician
• May 9 - J. M. Barrie, author († 1937)
• May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, first professor of psychology in U.S.
• May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer
• July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, feminist writer († 1935)
• July 7 - Gustav Mahler, composer
• July 19 - Lizzie Borden, murder suspect
• September 13 - John Pershing, American general
• November 23 - Billy the Kid
• December 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia († 1947)
• John Coughlin, Chicago alderman
• Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer († 1938)
• Albert Giraud, Belgian poet († 1929)
• Lancelot Speed, illustrator († 1931)

Deaths

• January 27 - János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician
• January 27 - Thomas Brisbane, astronomer
• February 20 - Henry Drummond, Canadian poet
• March 17 - Anna Jameson, German author
• May 12 - Sir Charles Barry, English architect
• May 16 - Anne Isabella Milbanke, widow of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron.
• July 1 - Charles Goodyear, inventor of the vulcanization process