2002

2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). 2002 was the first palindromic year since 1991 and the last until Ecotourism and Mountain

• National Science Year in the United Kingdom

Years: 1999 2000 2001 - 2002 - 2003 2004 2005

Decades: 1970s 1980s 1990s - 2000s - 2010s 2020s 2030s

Centuries: 20th century - 21st century - 22nd century News by month: Jan - Feb - Mar - Apr - May - Jun Jul - Aug - Sep - Oct - Nov - Dec 2002 in architecture 2002 in aviation 2002 in architecture 2002 in film 2002 in literature 2002 in music 2002 in science 2002 in sports 2002 in television 2002 in memoriam 2002 in Canada 2002 in India

Events

January

• January 1 - Introduction of Euro banknotes and coins in the European Union
• January 5 - Charles Bishop, a 15 year-old student pilot, crashes a light aircraft into a Tampa, Florida building, evoking fear of a copycat 9/11 terrorist attack.
• January 9 - The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of Enron
• January 10 - Enrique Bolaños began his five-year term as President of the Republic of Nicaragua.
• January 13 - President George W. Bush faints after choking on a pretzel
• January 16 - A student shoots 6 people at the Appalachian School of Law. Three of those shot die
• January 16 - John Ashcroft announces that American Taliban member John Walker Lindh would be tried in the United States.
• January 16 - The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida, and the remaining Taliban
• January 17 - Eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, displacing an estimated 400,000 people
• January 18 - A Canadian Pacific Railway train carrying anhydrous ammonia derails outside of Minot, North Dakota, killing one man and calling into question the maintenance of CP track and the policy of voice-tracking used by Clear Channel Communications.
• January 20 - Inauguration of Churches Uniting in Christ
• January 22 - AOL Time Warner brings a federal suit against Microsoft seeking damages. The suit alleges that the market for AOL's Netscape Navigator Internet browser was harmed when Microsoft started to give away a competing browser
• January 22 - Kmart Corp becomes the largest retailer in American history to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
• January 24 - Enron hearings begin and terrorist suspect John Walker Lindh's hearing begins.
• January 24 - The Department of Justice indicts Robert Nicholas Angleton of Houston, Texas on conspiring to murder his wife, Doris Angleton, along with his brother Roger. Robert also gets weapons-related charges.
• January 27 - Several explosions at a military dump in Lagos, Nigeria kills more than 1,000.
• January 30 - Slobodan Milosevic accuses the United Nations war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him.

February

• February 3 - Super Bowl XXXVI: The New England Patriots defeat the St. Louis Rams 20-17 to win the team's first Super Bowl title in their forty-two year history.
• February 3 - Costa Rica: elections for President and Congress
• February 8 through February 24 - 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah
• February 12 - The trial of former President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague
• February 12 - Nuclear waste: US Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear repository.
• February 13 - Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom gives former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani an honorary knighthood.
• February 19 - NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of using its thermal emission imaging system.
• February 20 - In Reqa Al-Gharbiya, Egypt, a fire on a train injures over 65 and kills at least 370
• February 22 - A MH-47E Chinook helicopter crashes into the ocean near the Philippines killing all 10 aboard
• February 22 - Norwegian-facilitated ceasefire begins in Sri Lanka
• February 27 - Ethnic conflict in India: 59 Hindu pilgrims die aboard a train burned by a Muslim mob in Godhra, India, sparking a series of riots, leaving hundreds dead.

March

• March 1 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
• March 1 - 28 people die in continuing violence in Ahmedabad. Police shoot and kill five while attempting to control rioters.
• March 1 - the Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800km above the Earth on it's 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500kg.
• March 1 - Space Shuttle Columbia flies Hubble Space Telescope service mission (STS-109)
• March 1 - Peseta discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€)
• March 3 - São Tomé and Príncipe: elections for the legislature
• March 6 - France agrees to return the remains of Saartje Baartman to South Africa
• March 10 - Colombia: elections for the legislature; Togo: elections for the Parliament
• March 12 - In Texas, Andrea Yates is found guilty of drowning her five children on June 20, 2001. She is later sentenced to life in prison
• May 16 - US embezzler Martin Frankel pleads guilty to 24 out of 36 federal charges, including insurance fraud
• March 17 - Portugal: elections for the Parliament
• March 19 - US Attack on Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda ends (started on March 1) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters with 11 allied troop fatalities
• March 21 - In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl
• March 28 - The exhibit "The Italians: Three Centuries of Italian Art" opens at the National Gallery of Australia
• March 31 - Ukraine: elections for the Parliament

April

• April 2 - Israeli forces surrounded the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem which has Palestinian terrorists taking hostage of the church; around 200 Palestinians inside. A siege ensues.
• April 15 - Air China Flight 129, a Boeing 767-200, crashes into hillside during heavy rain and fog near Pusan, South Korea killing 122.
• April 17 - Four Canadian infantrymen are killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire from two U.S. F-16s
• April 18 - New order of insects, Mantophasmatodea, announced.
• April 25 - South African Mark Shuttleworth blasts off from the Baikonur cosmodrome - he had paid £15 million for the trip.
• April 26 - Robert Steinhauser opens fire on his former teachers and other students in Erfurt, Germany and then kills himself - 16 dead
• April 27 - The eleventh Duke of Devonshire publicly apologizes for the actions of his grandfather during the Great Trespass of 1932
• April 30 - Pakistan: referendum on continuation of military government votes in favour

May

• May 6 - In the Netherlands, politician Pim Fortuyn is killed by Volkert van der Graaf.
• May 7 - Gay Canadian teenager Marc Hall is granted a court injunction ordering that he be allowed to attend his high school prom with his boyfriend.
• May 9 - The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agreed to have 13 suspected militants among them deported to several different countries. The standoff started on April 2
• May 9 - In Kaspiysk, Russia, a remote-controlled bomb explodes during a holiday parade killing 43 and injuring at least 130
• May 10 - FBI agent Robert Hanssen is sentenced to life without the possibility of parole for selling American secrets to Moscow for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds
• May 11 - Diane Pretty, who campaigned for the right to die after being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, dies at a hospice near Luton, England
• May 12 - Former President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution
• May 15 - The Netherlands: elections for the Lower House
• May 20 - Restoration of East Timor independence
• May 22 - In Washington, DC, Chandra Levy's remains are found in Rock Creek Park
• May 22 - American civil rights movement: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing - A jury in Birmingham, Alabama convicts former Ku Klux Klan member Bobby Frank Cherry of the 1963 murders of four girls.
• May 23 - First Eurovision Song Contest in a former Soviet country, Estonia
• May 26 - The Mars Odyssey finds signs of huge water ice deposits on the planet Mars.
• May 28 - Washington DC's medical examiner declares that Chandra Levy's death was the result of homicide
• May 31 through June 30 - 17th Football World Cup in Japan and South Korea

June

• June 3- The "Party in the Palace" takes place at Buckingham Palace, London for Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations.
• June 4 - Quaoar is discovered
• June 4- Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh ride in the gold state coach from Buckingham Palace to St Paul's Cathedral for a special service marking the Queen's 50 years on the throne. In New York, the Empire State Building is lit in purple for her honour.
• June 5 - Elizabeth Smart is kidnapped from her Salt Lake City, Utah home
• June 5 - Mozilla 1.0, the first 'official' version, is released.
• June 6 - The United States House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Committee announces it is probing Martha Stewart's ImClone stock sales.
• June 10 - Annular solar eclipse
• June 14 - Twelve are killed and 50 injured by a car bomb explosion in front of the the U.S. consulate in Karachi, Pakistan.
• June 18 - Arizona experiences its worst forest fire ever when a local sets off the Rodeo-Chediski fire burning 462,606 acres (1,872 km&sup2) near the Mogollon Rim.

July

• July 1 - Russian passenger jet and a cargo plane collide over the town of Uberlingen in Southern Germany - 72 dead
• July 5 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq once again rejects new U.N. weapons inspections proposals
• July 10 - At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson
• July 13 - A lighting strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which is left to burn 499,570 acres (2,022 km&sup2) when finally contained on September 5.
• July 14 - During Bastille Day celebrations, Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed.
• July 15 - So-called "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and for the possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. Lindh agrees to serve 10 years in prison for each of the charges
• July 19 - K-19: The Widowmaker starring Harrison Ford is released.
• July 21 - Telecommunications giant WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the largest such filling in United States history
• July 27 - Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes at an air show in the Ukraine killing 78 and injuring more than 100 others, the largest air show disaster in history.

August

• August 2 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq invites chief weapons inspector Hans Blix to Iraq for discussions on remaining disarmament issues
• August 6 - Marquis de la Fayette is made Honorary Citizen of the United States
• August 17 - In Santa Rosa, California, the Charles M. Schulz Museum opens to the public
• August 19 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The U.N. Secretary General rejects Iraq's August 2 proposal as the "wrong work program", and instead recommends that Iraq allow weapons inspectors to return to the country, in accordance with previous U.N. resolutions
• August 30 - The Tandy Center Subway in Fort Worth, Texas is closed down.

September

• September 5 - A car bomb kills at least 30 people in Afghanistan, and an apparent assassination attempt on Afghan President Hamid Karzai fails the same day
• September 5 - The Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which burned 499,570 acres (2,022 km&sup2), is finally contained.
• September 12 - Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush, addresses the U.N. and challenges its members to confront the "grave and gathering danger" of Iraq or stand aside as the United States and likeminded nations act.
• September 16 - Twenty Fifth Anniversary of the death of Marc Bolan of T.Rex. His son Rolan Bolan unveils a Bronze Bust in his memory at the Tree site where Bolan died in 1977. The bust was installed by .
• September 15 - The Swedish parliamentary election leaves Prime Minister Göran Persson and the Social Democrats in power.

October

• October 2 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The United States Congress passes a joint resolution which explicitly authorizes the President to use the Armed Forces of the United States as he determines to be necessary and appropriate
• October 7 - Discovery of Quaoar is announced
• October 11 - Lone bomber explodes a home-made bomb in the Myyrmanni shopping mall north of Helsinki, Finland - casualties include himself. See Myyrmanni bombing.
• October 12 - Bali bombing: Terrorists detonate massive bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 and injuring over 300.
• October 16 - Iraq disarmament crisis: George W. Bush signs the Iraq war resolution
• October 21 - Press conference of the Discovery Channel and Biblical Archeology Society presents the James Ossuary (later found to be a forgery)
• October 24 - The Beltway snipers are arrested
• October 25 - U.S. Senator Paul Wellstone, his family and staff, are killed by a plane accident at Eveleth,Minnesota. He was campaigning for his forthcoming mid-term election. Some rumor that it was an assassination.

November

• November 2 - Opening of sixth Gay Games in Sydney, Australia.
• November 5 - U.S. Elections: The Republican Party maintains control of the House of Representatives and regains control of the Senate.
• November 7 - Iran bans advertising of US products.
• November 8 - Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
• November 9 - In Los Angeles, California, television and film actor Merlin Santana is shot to death while sitting in the passenger seat of a friend's car parked on the 3800 block of Victoria Avenue.
• November 13 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441
• November 13 - The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician coast and causes a huge oil spill.
• November 14 - Argentina defaults on a US$805 million World Bank payment
• November 15 - Hu Jintao becomes general secretary of the Communist Party of China.
• November 16 - A Campaign Against Climate Change march takes place in London from Lincoln's Inn Fields, past Esso offices to the United States Embassy.
• November 18 - Iraq disarmament crisis: United Nations weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq.
• November 21 - NATO invites Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.
• November 21 - Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal is fined £500 at Slough magistrate court following her conviction of one of her dogs attacking two children in Windsor Great Park
• November 22 - In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest.
• November 25 - US President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law, establishing the Department of Homeland Security in the largest US government reorganization since the creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 (the Senate passed the bill 90-9 on November 19).
• November 29 - Brian Henderson retires from reading the news at Sydney, Australia television station TCN-9. At his retirement he held the record for the longest serving television newsreader ever, having hosted the weekend evening bulletins on the station from 1957 until 1964 and the weeknight evening news bulletins on the station from 1964 until he retired in 2002.

December

• December 4 - Total solar eclipse
• December 7 - Iraq disarmament crisis: As required by the recently passed U.N. resolution, Iraq files a 12,000 page weapons declaration with the U.N. Security Council. Although it is supposed to be a complete declaration, it is seen as incomplete by the Security Council and weapons inspectors.
• December 10 - High Court of Australia hands down its judgement in the Internet defamation dispute in the case of Gutnick v. Dow Jones
• December 27 - Suicide truck-bomb attack destroys headquarters of Chechnya's Moscow-backed government, killing 72 people
• December 29 ? Communist New People?s Army blows up a bust of Ferdinand Marcos in Benguet, Philippines

Years in topic

• 2002 in film
  • M. Night Shyamalan's Signs starring Mel Gibson
  • The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, directed by Peter Jackson.
• 2002 in literature
  • Gabriel García Márquez, the autobiography of his early years Vivir para contarla

• 2002 in music
• 2002 in politics
• 2002 in sports
• 2002 in television
  • The Osbournes reality show premieres on cable television.

Births

• September 1 - Romeo Beckham, son of David and Victoria Beckham.

Deaths

For more deaths see: Deaths in 2002

January

• January 3 - Freddy Heineken, former CEO of the beer brewery Heineken.
• January 5 - Igor Cassini, gossip columnist ("Cholly Knickerbocker")
• January 4 - Antonio Todde (112), oldest man in the world at the time (from Thiana, Sardinia - Italy)
• January 4 - Esquivel, musician
• January 8 - Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's International
• January 8 - Alexander Prochorow (65), Russian physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics 1964
• January 12 - Cyrus Vance (84), former United States Secretary of State (1977-1980)
• January 13 - Ted Demme (37), film and television director (Blow, Beautiful Girls)
• January 17 - Camilo Jose Cela (85), Spanish author, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature 1989
• January 21 - Peggy Lee, Jazz performer, most famous for song Fever ("You give me fever...")
• January 22 - Jack Shea, American speed skater (double Olympic Champion 1932)
• January 23 - Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist
• January 23 - Robert Nozick, (philosopher)
• January 28 - Astrid Lindgren (94), Swedish author of many best selling children's novels (Pippi Longstocking, Ronia, the Robber's Daughter, The Brothers Lionheart)
• January 29 - Harold Russell, actor
• January 29 or January 30 - Daniel Pearl, journalist

February

• February 1 - Hildegard Knef (76), actress, singer, writer
• February 3 - Aglaja Veteranyi (39), Romanian author
• February 6 - Guy Stockwell, actor
• February 9 - Princess Margaret of the United Kingdom (71)
• February 10 - Harold Furth (72), American leader in plasma physics and nuclear fusion.
• February 13 - Waylon Jennings, country musician\
• February 15 - Howard K. Smith, journalist
• February 15 - Kevin Smith (38), actor
• February 16 - Walter Winterbottom, the first England football manager.
• February 21 - John Thaw, actor
• February 22 - Chuck Jones, animator
• February 22 - Jonas Savimbi, rebel leader
• February 24 - Leo Ornstein, composer and pianist
• February 26 - Lawrence Tierney, actor
• February 27 - Spike Milligan, comedian, writer, poet
• February 28 - Helmut Zacharias, violinist

March-April

• March 1 - Doreen Waddell, vocalist of bands Soul II Soul and KLF
• March 11 - James Tobin, economist
• March 13 - Hans-Georg Gadamer (102), German philosopher
• March 14 - Cherry Wilder, author
• March 15 - Sylvester Weaver, television executive
• March 18 - Gösta Winbergh, tenor
• March 27 - Milton Berle, comedian, actor
• March 27 - Dudley Moore, comedian, actor
• March 27 - Billy Wilder (96), film screenwriter and director
• March 30 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (101), Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother
• March 30 - Anand Bakshi (72), lyricist of over 4,000 songs.
• April 9 - Thomas Dinger, Musician Neu!, La Dusseldorf!}, and solo career.
• April 12 - Elisa Breton (88), surrealist
• April 18 - Thor Heyerdahl (87), Norwegian explorer on the Kon-Tiki expedition.
• April 23 - Linda Boreman, aka Linda Lovelace, porn star
• April 25 - Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, rapper and 1/3 of multi-platinum trio TLC.

May

• May 3 - Mohan Singh Oberoi (103), hotelier, founder of the Oberoi chain of hotels
• May 5 - Hugo Bánzer Suarez (76), Bolivian politician, president of Bolivia (1971-1978) (1997-2001)
• May 6 - Pim Fortuyn (54), Dutch politician
• May 7 - Seattle Slew, Triple Crown-winning race horse (b. 1974)
• May 17 - Dave Berg (81), cartoonist for Mad Magazine
• May 19 - John Gorton, nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia
• May 19 - Walter Lord, writer
• May 20 - Stephen Jay Gould (60), paleontologist/evolutionist
• May 21 - Niki de Saint Phalle, artist
• May 23 - Sam Snead, golfer
• May 26 - Mamo Wolde, marathon runner

June

• June 1 - Hansie Cronje, (32) South African cricketer
• June 3 - Lew Wassermann (89), US industrialist
• June 4 - Fernando Belaunde Terry (89), Peruvian politician, president of Peru (1963-1968) (1980-1985)
• June 5 - Dee Dee Ramone (49), founding member and bassist of seminal punk rock group, The Ramones
• June 7 - Mary Lilian Baels, Princess of Rethy, Belgium
• June 10 - John Gotti (61), Mafia boss
• June 17 - Fritz Walter (81), German football player
• June 20 - Erwin Chargaff (96), biochemist
• June 20 - Timothy Findley (71), Canadian author
• June 20 - Tinus Osendarp, Dutch sprinter
• June 22 - Esther Lederer (83), also known as Ann Landers, advice columnist
• June 24 - Pierre Werner (88), Luxembourgian politician
• June 27 - John Entwistle (57), bassist for The Who
• June 29 - Rosemary Clooney (74), singer, actress
• June 29 - Ole-Johan Dahl (70), computer scientist who invented concepts in object-oriented programming

July-September

• July 2 - Ray Brown (75), jazz bassist
• July 4 - Laurent Schwartz, mathematician
• July 5 - Ted Williams (83), member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and player for the Boston Red Sox
• July 6 - Dhirubhai Ambani (70), industrialist, founder of Reliance group of companies.
• July 9 - Rod Steiger (77), actor
• July 14 - Joaquin Balaguer, Dominican politician, president of Dominican Republic (1960-1962, 1966-1978, 1986-1996)
• July 23 - Chaim Potok, novelist
• August 4 - Murder of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman
• August 5 - Chick Hearn, pro-basketball announcer
• August 6 - Edsger Dijkstra, computer scientist
• August 14 - Dave Williams, the singer of Drowning Pool, found dead on the band's tour bus.
• August 31 - Lionel Hampton (94), vibraphone virtuoso
• September 7 - Erma Franklin, singer
• September 11 - Johnny Unitas (69), NFL quarterback
• September 18 - Bob Hayes, American athlete
• September 21 - Robert Lull Forward (70), science fiction author and physicist

October-December

• October 6 - Claus von Amsberg (76), husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
• October 10 - Teresa Graves, (54), actress
• October 13 - Stephen Ambrose, historian and Dwight Eisenhower biographer.
• October 18 - Nikolai Rukavishnikov, cosmonaut
• October 25 - Richard Harris (72), Irish actor
• October 25 - Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator: A Democrat from Minnesota
• October 28 - Margaret Booth, film editor
• October 30 - Jam Master Jay, member of Run DMC
• November 2 - Charles Sheffield (67), science fiction author and physicist
• November 3 - Lonnie Donegan, musician
• November 3 - Jonathon Harris, actor
• November 15 - Myra Hindley, Moors murderess
• November 18 - James Coburn, actor
• November 26 - Verne Winchell, founder of Winchell's Donuts.
• December 3 - Glenn Quinn, actor from Angel season 1
• December 5 - Einar Skinnarland, SOE agent
• December 5 - Roone Arledge, sports broadcasting pioneer
• December 11 - Nani Palkhivala (82), jurist
• December 18 - Ray Hnatyshyn, former Canadian Governor-General
• December 22 - Joe Strummer, musician
• December 24 - Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian author
• December 26 - Herb Ritts, celebrity photographer

Nobel Prizes

• Peace: Jimmy Carter, 39th US president "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."
• Literature: Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history".
• Economic Sciences:
  • Daniel Kahneman (Princeton University, USA) "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty".
  • Vernon L. Smith (George Mason University, USA) "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"
• Chemistry:
  • John B. Fenn (Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA) and Koichi Tanaka (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
  • Kurt Wüthrich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA) "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
• Physics:
  • Raymond Davis Jr. (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA) and Masatoshi Koshiba (International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan) "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
  • Riccardo Giacconi (Associated Universities Inc., Washington DC, USA) "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
• Physiology or Medicine:
  • Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"