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In geology, geography, cartography, surveying and other disciplines, a datum is a reference surface against which measurements can be made. Datum is also the singular for data.
For instance, sea-level is commonly used as a datum against which height (or depth) of topographic features can be measured. Whilst the use of sea-level as a datum is useful for geologically recent topographic features, it should be remembered that sea-level has not stayed constant throughout geological time (see
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